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Functional imaging in live preparations using "conventional" fluorescent probesTwo-photon excitation (2PE) microscopy has already been
utilized with many fluorescent probes developed for standard linear
(1PE) microscopy. Cross section measurements of both intrinsic and exogenous fluorophores
have proved invaluable for determining optimal wavelength and power
regimes in which to work. Though an MPE absorption peak is generally
expected at approximately n times the 1PE peak, this hypothesis
is simplistic. In particular effective 2PE spectra are sometimes significantly
blue-shifted from their 1PE counterparts. Often a shift can correspond
to a relatively large separation (>> Stoke's shift) between a
fluorophore's excited and radiative decay levels which yields useful
practical consequences (although initially not fully realized). A wise
probe and wavelength selection can produce simultaneous 2PE of fluorophores
possessing a wide range of emission wavelengths. In this case a 710nm, <100
fsec pulse train (Ti:S) is used to excite four different indicators
with emission spectra that vary by hundreds of nanometers. Because
these fluorescent signals are spectrally well separated from each other
and from the excitation source, extremely efficient simultaneous detection
of many labels can be achieved.
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update:
April 14, 2005
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