Two photon excitation (2PE) can be used to image constituents such as NAD(P)H, FAD+, Elastin, Retinol and other lipid soluble vitamins, and disease state lesions and aberrant polymerized products.

Three photon excitation (3PE) can be used to image tryptophan, serotonin and other Trp derivatives

Second harmonic generation (SHG) can be used to image collagen, skeletal muscle structure and microtubules.

2PE cross sections of selected intrinsic chromophores

3PE cross sections of selected intrinsic chromophores

Applications